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Abstract
In modern English as a Second Language (ESL) education, communicative competence has become a key objective of language instruction. In the context of globalization, learners are expected not only to master grammar and vocabulary but also to communicate successfully in authentic situations. Nevertheless, many ESL students continue to face challenges in speaking confidently, expressing their thoughts clearly, and interacting naturally in English. This article explores the meaning of communicative competence, its major dimensions, the difficulties faced in ESL classrooms, and practical strategies for improving communication skills. The study further discusses the influence of technology, Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), classroom interaction, and learner motivation on communicative development. Special attention is given to the importance of learner-centered and interactive teaching environments that promote real communication.
References
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