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Abstract
This article examines the ideology of Pan-Islamism during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II as a tool of domestic and foreign policy. The author analyzes the historical context of the transition from liberal-constitutional reforms to an authoritarian model of governance following the dissolution of parliament in 1878. Special attention is paid to the transformation of the institution of the Caliphate into an official state doctrine aimed at consolidating the Empire’s Muslim population and exerting diplomatic pressure on European colonial powers. The study emphasizes the pragmatic nature of the Pan-Islamist strategy, which, despite its symbolic significance, was limited by the systemic crisis and the military-political weakness of the Ottoman state at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
References
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