ACUTE APPENDICITIS IN CHILDREN: MODERN APPROACHES TO EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND SURGICAL TREATMENT

Abstract

Acute appendicitis is one of the most common causes of emergency abdominal surgery in children. The clinical presentation may vary significantly depending on the child's age, and atypical symptoms in young children may lead to delayed diagnosis and an increased risk of perforation and peritonitis. This article discusses modern approaches to early diagnosis and surgical treatment of acute appendicitis in children. Particular attention is paid to clinical assessment, laboratory investigations, Pediatric Appendicitis Score (PAS), and ultrasonography. The role of laparoscopic appendectomy as a minimally invasive surgical technique is also discussed. Management of complicated appendicitis, including perforation and periappendiceal abscess, is considered. In selected cases of uncomplicated appendicitis, non-operative treatment with antibiotics may be considered under appropriate clinical supervision. The use of standardized diagnostic algorithms and minimally invasive surgical techniques can contribute to earlier diagnosis, reduction of complications, and improved treatment outcomes in pediatric patients.