TYPES OF TAX RISKS IN COMMERCIAL BANKS AND METHODS OF THEIR ASSESSMENT

Abstract

The thesis systematises the modern scientific classification of tax risks arising in the activities of commercial banks and identifies contemporary methods of their assessment. Tax risk is interpreted as the probability of financial losses, reputational damage and additional tax liabilities of a bank resulting from an incorrect interpretation of the tax law, changes in tax regulation, mistakes in accounting and reporting, transfer-pricing operations or aggressive tax planning. On the basis of the works of Neubig and Sangha, Hanlon and Heitzman, Dyreng, Gallemore, Blouin, Guenther, Belnap and other researchers, the paper distinguishes six main types of banking tax risks — legislative, interpretation, operational-accounting, transactional, reputational and international — and structures them by source, area of manifestation and level of measurability. A summary table of the classification of tax risks and their assessment indicators is presented. The paper concludes that under the conditions of the OECD Pillar Two Global Minimum Tax and the digital transformation of tax administration, banks should combine qualitative (heat-map, expert judgement) and quantitative (ETR volatility, book-tax differences, VaR-tax) methods within a unified enterprise risk management system.