Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent systemic inflammation, immune dysregulation, and accelerated biological aging. In recent years, the concept of inflammaging—a chronic, low-grade inflammation associated with age-related immunometabolic changes—has received particular attention. Intestinal microbiota, which can support chronic cytokine activation in RA, is considered a potential trigger for this process.
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