STYLISTIC DEVICES IN “PAND-NĀMEH” BY SAADI SHIRAZI

Abstract

While “Būstān” and “Gulistān” remain the most extensively studied works of Saadi Shirazi, his didactic poem “Pand-nāmeh” (Book of Counsel) offers a comparatively underexplored field for stylistic investigation. This paper analyzes the principal stylistic devices employed in “Pand-nāmeh”, focusing on aphoristic compression, rhetorical parallelism, antithesis, metaphorical construction, allegorical exemplification, and Qur’anic intertextuality. Drawing upon established scholarship in Persian classical rhetoric (balāghat), the study demonstrates that Saadi’s persuasive authority in this work derives from the deliberate synthesis of ethical instruction and aesthetic refinement. The analysis shows that “Pand-nāmeh” reflects the rhetorical ideals of 13th-century Persian didactic poetics and constitutes an integral component of Saadi’s literary corpus.