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Abstract
Inflammatory diseases of the thyroid gland, including autoimmune and subacute thyroiditis, along with parathyroid gland disorders, represent a complex group of endocrinopathies affecting metabolic homeostasis. This study evaluates their clinical, pathogenetic, and diagnostic features to optimize therapeutic approaches in primary and specialized care. Autoimmune thyroiditis frequently leads to progressive structural changes and hypothyroidism, requiring timely initiation of replacement therapy. Subacute thyroiditis, typically triggered by viral infections, presents with a destructive thyrotoxicosis phase and severe local pain syndrome, necessitating targeted treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or glucocorticoids. Concurrently, parathyroid disorders severely disrupt calcium-phosphorus metabolism. Primary hyperparathyroidism leads to significant bone, renal, and gastrointestinal complications, while hypoparathyroidism causes acute neuromuscular excitability and tetany. Early hormonal and instrumental screening, including targeted ultrasound and routine assessment of calcium and parathyroid hormone levels, is critical for preventing irreversible systemic organ damage. Enhancing primary care physicians' awareness of the atypical clinical presentations of these diseases is essential for timely referral and multidisciplinary management.
References
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