Optimizing Pregravid Preparation in the Prevention of Various Pregnancy Complications and Congenital Fetal Abnormalities

Abstract

Background: Maternal health status during the periconceptional period is a critical determinant of obstetric and neonatal outcomes. Despite advances in prenatal care, the incidence of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and congenital malformations remains significant. This study evaluates an optimized pregravid preparation protocol aimed at mitigating these risks.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted involving 120 reproductive-age women divided into two groups: Group A (n=60) received an optimized 3-month preconception bundle (folate fortification, metabolic correction, and infection screening), while Group B (n=60) received standard care.

Results: Group A showed a statistically significant reduction in early pregnancy loss (4.2% vs 12.8%, p < 0.05) and neural tube defects (0\% vs 3.1\%). Mean gestational age at delivery was higher in Group A (38.6 \pm 1.2 weeks) compared to Group B (37.2 \pm 2.4 weeks).

Conclusion: Strategic pregravid optimization significantly enhances maternal physiological readiness and reduces the phenotypic expression of fetal developmental anomalies.