Jerusalem Artichoke Inulin and Glucose Metabolism: Clinical Potential

Abstract

This article examines the clinical potential of inulin derived from Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in the management of glucose metabolism disorders. The mechanisms of action of inulin-type fructans are discussed, including modulation of gut microbiota, production of short-chain fatty acids, improvement of insulin sensitivity, and reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress. Evidence from meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials demonstrates significant reductions in fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Regular intake of approximately 10 g/day of inulin for at least 6–8 weeks is shown to be an effective adjunct to standard therapy and lifestyle interventions. Dose titration is recommended to improve gastrointestinal tolerability.