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Abstract
This article analyzes global and regional environmental problems emerging in the 21st century, focusing specifically on the causes and consequences of environmental pollution. Using Uzbekistan as a case study, it examines the main sources of air, water, and soil pollution, as well as the impact of industrial, transport, and agricultural activities on the ecological state. The Aral Sea disaster is evaluated as a major environmental crisis, highlighting its socio-economic and health-related consequences. Furthermore, the article discusses national policies, legal frameworks, and the prospects for implementing “green” technologies aimed at mitigating environmental problems, and proposes practical measures to ensure ecological sustainability.
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